Intertextuality in Robert Kroetschs Seed Catalogue Essay...

Intertextuality in Robert Kroetschs Seed Catalogue The late poet John Donne said, No man is an island. Donne passed away in the earliest part of the seventeenth century, and yet he recognized an idea upon which much of modern philosophy and literary criticism is built. Donne said, in effect, that any individual man is nothing outside the body of mankind; Donne thereby supports a theory of cultural subjectivism. In the field of literary criticism, particularly modern and postmodern criticism, the term intertextuality refers to the phenomenon of interconnectedness that exists specifically within literature. Just as Donne believes man to be nothing outside the context of his culture, so too does modern literary criticism†¦show more content†¦Kristeva would likely say that there are no degrees of intertextuality but rather that intertextuality is a trait that all texts posses by virtue of their simply being texts. However, if texts could be placed on a continuum according to their degree of intertextuality, Robert Kroetschs Seed Catalogue would surely find its home on the far end. Seed Catalogue forces its readers to recognize the reality of intertextuality through its overt use of found text. This use of found text not only makes the reader aware of the catalogues textual influences on Kroetschs writing but also creates an atmosphere of hyperawareness of the social dialogue that Kroetsch believes creates all texts and unites the writer and reader. Seed Catalogue opens not with a line of lyric but with an entry from a catalogue of seeds: No. 176 -Copenhagen Market Cabbage: This new introduction, strictly speaking, is in every respect a thoroughbred, a cabbage of highest pedigree, and is creating considerable flurry among professional gardeners all over the world. (Kroetsch 3) Kroetsch continues the next section of the poem: We took the storm windows / off the south side of the house and put them on the hotbed. Then it was spring. Or, no: then winter was ending. (Kroetsch 3) This is a surprising and unorthodox way to

Childhood Obesity An Epidemic - 2898 Words

Introduction Childhood obesity is rising worldwide in an alarming rate. New Zealand Health Survey results in 2012/2013 showed that one out of nine children (2-14 years) was obese and it was 11 per cent of the total children population1. Obese children are more prone to have cardiovascular disease, psychological morbidity, asthma, Type 1 diabetes, and early mortality2 sooner or later in their life. Adverse effects of childhood obesity not only affect the current or later health status of children but also the country’s productivity and economy. Therefore it is very important to break the obesity viscous cycle in order to have a healthy nation. Various factors involve in the development of this multifaceted condition – â€Å"Obesity† such as individual’s genetics, environment and behaviour2. The major causes for childhood obesity in New Zealand include less physical activity, inadequate sleep3, unhealthy dietary patterns such as skipping breakfast4 and consumption of unhealthy snack food5. There are various preventive strategies for childhood obesity. The conventional treatments include promoting healthy dietary and behaviour practises and physical activities; however, these seem to be not having positive impacts in some situations. Moreover, some studies also have shown that different diet and physical activity intervention studies had failed to have a positive effect on BMI and obesity of children2. Likewise, some existing evidence reflects that traditional obesity preventionShow MoreRelatedObesity : Childhood Obesity Epidemic1418 Words   |  6 Pageshis article â€Å"There is no Childhood Obesity Epidemic† discussed the there is a â€Å"stunning† drop in childhood obesity rate. He claims that obesity rates among two to five year olds have plunged over the past decade, and that the so called â€Å"obesity epidemic† had ended. I strongly disagree with Campos view that there is no childhood obesity epidemic, this is due to the researches that was done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which shows that childhood obesity has more than doubled inRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity1216 Words   |  5 Pagesintervening in order to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity claim that, â€Å"parents who strive to keep their kids healthy may not have all the tools they need to do so† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Therefore supporters agree that the government â€Å"should step in and enable parents to do the best job they can† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Joe Thompson, â₠¬Å"director of the Rober Wood Foundation Center to prevent Childhood Obesity† claims that not all parents are ableRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic876 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood obesity is more than a major issue in the United States: it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years [1]. American Heart Association stated, â€Å"Today one in three American kids and teens are overweight or obese; nearly triple theRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic834 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, childhood obesity is an epidemic and in the past 30 years, childhood obesity have had nearly tripled. There are 31 % of American children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. And according to the numbers, more than 23 million of American children are either overweight or obese and more than 12 million are obese (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). The complications of obesity in the childhood period are broad, those include but limited to: hypertensionRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic1036 Words   |  5 PagesRainsu Kumbhani All About Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is an epidemic in U.S. In the year of 2012, about â€Å"one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese.† Also, percentages of childhood obesity have increased by over ten percent in the last thirty years in children and adolescents (Childhood Obesity Facts 2015). These statistics are shocking, and many people are concerned for the health of their children. This medical condition, as defined by Mayo Clinic, leads to seriousRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity continues to increase substantially each generation, especially here in the United States. Today, children have become more lazy while eating unhealthy and in excess. This trend ultimately results in increased healthcare problems throughout their life. Childhood obesity has increased because children eat in excess, they are allowed to eat food which is unhealthy, they lack the exercise needed to maintain a healthy weight, and are permittedRead MoreThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity2154 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Childhood obesity is an epidemic that goes on throughout the United States. Studies have shown how obesity in children may start, and how it affects each and every child in America. Childhood obesity has been getting attention in the media from famous celebrities all the way to the First Lady of the United States. There are many things that cause childhood obesity and very few ways to stop it. However, there are people out there who are trying to help by getting children active, eatingRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity3013 Words   |  13 Pages The epidemic of childhood obesity Childhood obesity is an important issue because of this diseases impact over the past few years. With the changing of lifestyles, the production of children who are not as healthy as they should be has increased. Due to these results, a widespread of children being obese has occurred. The Center for Disease Control, CDC, distinguishes between being overweight and being obese. Overweight simply means that the weight is high compared to others in the same height categoryRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is an epidemic in America. Many experts like doctors and dietitians have narrowed the epidemic to a few causes some being lack of exercise, genetics, and food insecurity. Exercise and genetics could lead to obesity in the way that you need exercise to burn fat and some people are genetically more inclined to store more fat. Obesity is having excessive amount of fat that could lead to other health problem which is scary to think that childhood obesity is something that is on theRea d MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood obesity is not merely an issue in the United States- it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years, and there is no chance of it slowing down unless action is taken. Obesity puts children at a high risk of developing many serious illnesses. Not only do children who are obese have unhealthy weights, but they also have a high risk of having weak lungs, poor blood quality, and a variety of other sicknesses. Parents

Adidas Analyse Free Essays

Nikkei appeared in 1978 in the USA and Aids started to lose market shares. By 1990, the brand was sold to a French Investor won uses ten colorless’ endorsement communication strategy. In the aim of surpassing the American brand, one of the other main strategies of Aids was acquisitions such as the French ski equipment company: Salomon AS. We will write a custom essay sample on Adidas Analyse or any similar topic only for you Order Now The brand increased its revenues and was then able to acquire Rebook. Aids still had to overtake Nikkei but is now number one in Europe. In 2009, Aids made a profit of more than 245 million Ð ²? and employed almost 40,000 persons. The German brand is proposing products for a large range of sports such as running, football, tennis, golf, etc. Environment Context Nowadays, the competition on the footwear market has become really strong as in the current time people really care about well being but also because sports has still a strong place in our world. People also care about sports brand because they have become a social symbol and enable people to value their personality and show their membership in some certain social group. Consequently, sports brands fight with each other to become the leader by having the most market shares. Aids is fighting mostly with Nikkei which is the current leader in the footwear market as we will later in this case study (in the competition part). However, Aids has strong tools to become at least the leader in the future. Aids is recognized has the brand of excellence in the sport, in terms of technical and performing shoes but also has since the beginning of its history a strong link with the sports community, being supported by several famous athletes. Aids is also the leader in innovation and design in order to anticipate consumers’ needs. The brand tries to help its athletes to increase their skills and their performance with every product of the Aids’ range. Generally speaking, Aids is a global organization which is socially and environmentally expansible. It knows how to attract employees and shareholders for financial interest. Aims Aids’ mission is to become the global leader with a real passion for sports and a sporting lifestyle. The best way to reach this mission is to have a wide brand and a unique product range for professional and fashion sportive. This gives the possibility to affect lots of consumer needs and exploit each opportunity that market can furnish. They do a difference between quality and quantity. This concept comes from the founder of the brand. Doll Dasher was passionate about sports. He wanted his hoes to be different. They provide excellent comfort while improving athletic performance. These are the statutes of the brand. Its heritage allows Aids to be different from competitors and gives it strength base for future. Marketing objectives In the medium term, Aids wants to increase its leadership in Europe and its shares in the US footwear market. It wants also to be as good as Nikkei, the actual leader. To reach them, it has to furnish constants efforts to maintain and increase hopefully its position on footwear and apparel market. It has to imitate the competition on their trench points and in the same time, innovate in order to be different. Aids is completely Touches on Its consumers Ana on tenet expectations. I Nat Is winy teen are constantly improving the quality, the look and image of their products. With this, the company hopes to exceed the expectations of their consumers and at least becoming the leader in the footwear market. Contextual analysis The market * Presentation of the global footwear market The footwear market from 1998 to 2009 has gone up: demand for footwear has increased over the last few years. Thus, sales have grown by 9. 3% from 1998 to 2007, even though it went down abruptly in 2009 (-2. 5%). Women’s shoes category is the most significant with 47. 7 % of market share, following by the men with 34. 1% part of the market. The children’s footwear is the smallest market share category. * Aids footwear market Aids is the world’s second largest footwear brand with 22. 9% of market share, after Nikkei (37. %) in 2006. 45% of its revenues are from footwear. Aids distribute its products in 160 countries. They earn most of money selling to large retail stores such as Dick’s Sporting goods, Foot locker, or directly to the customers. They had a total of 2 212 retail stores in the world. Western Europe and North America are the two main markets for the sale of Aids products with 31% and 23% of sales 2009. PASTEL analysts * Political First, it is beneficial for Aids to operate in democratic countries as they do not introduce drastic policies, which could affect its sales. Regarding to trading policies, there are no quotas for imported Aids products. However, there is the antiquating law which forbids any company to export its footwear products â€Å"in a country at a price which is below the price at which the product is sold in the market f origin†. Then Aids follows all the current employment laws, for the rights of its employees. However, the minimum wage in several countries (such as I-J, France†¦ ) is a constraint for Aids, and which could have a negative impact on its costs of production. That is why, Aids relocates its production activities where the workforce is less expensive such as Indonesia, China and Vietnam. This has made a bad publicity for Aids in these countries as Aids does not give to its employees good working conditions, with a low wage. We can quote as an example the â€Å"Play fair† 2008. * Economic The home economy situation which is the crisis could have a negative effect for Aids as the purchasing power is low. Thus, the unemployment and the decrease of wages could have a bad effect on Aids sales, as customers would not have enough money to spend in its product, vital costs having priority. Interests and exchange rates have also an impact on the consumer behavior. The increase of raw materials’ prices as 011 wanly Is a component AT plastic NAS an Impact on ten Tall cost AT ten production. Aids has two solutions: increase the sales prices or level down its profit margin. * Social Nowadays, the demography is special: the age distribution is getting higher in most of the world. The target is especially young people who identify themselves to the brand. Maybe Aids should think to the long term. Aids sells in large cities, as there are the highest amounts of customers able to buy sportive shoes in these places. The lifestyle trend of people has changed, compare to several years ago. For instance, more and more people use internet. Aids should have a good platform to sell its products. The obesity is a current problem in our society. Most of the time, these people do not practice sports. It could also have a positive effect: they could want to lose weight and so, buy Aids product to train. People are also becoming less busy and can spend more time to their leisure activities like sports. Regarding to the consumer attitudes, we can notice that the frequency of purchase of Aids footwear is, for most people, to buy one or two football shoes per season. Aids should take that in consideration to promote its shoes during the pre-season. Promotion could also be made before major events such as the World Cup or the European Championship which have an influence on the Aids ad and sales. There s also a fashion and role model with stars wearing Aids shoes: several endorsement contracts have been made with stars such as David Beckman or Lionel Mess. Technological In the footwear market, the key to success is the innovation. Thus, there are new technological advances are becoming more performer as the football shoes which allow the user to kick the ball with more precision and power. Aids needs to be aware of the latest technologies. The use of new materials could be strength for the brand, such as materials able to resist over long distances, humid conditions or extreme temperat ures changes. A lot of researches are made in the aim to improve the quality of a product. Thus, Aids is the world’s first smart shoes (adding a microchip inside the shoe for instance. * Environmental The Sustainable Development is an important subject in our current society, and also for Aids: it has launched its new ecological footwear collection made with natural raw material, recycling material and which are biodegradable. Then, in the aim to protect human health and environment, Aids eliminate PVC and is making progress in finding substitutes like polyurethane, ethyl vinyl, silicone thermoplastic rubber. Yet, global pressure is pushing on Aids which uses for its shoes materials from animals. For instance, it has been seen that Aids slaughtered million of kangaroos, for their skin using to produce leather shoes. In February 2006, David Beckman officially announced that he would not wear Aids shoes anymore. Thus, the environmental campaigners could be a problem for Aids, who should make some RD to find others materials, not taken from animals. * Legal Concerning the regulation, Aids needs to be aware of the legal legislations (most of them protect the customers) such as Sales and Supply of goods act (1979), Trade ascription Act (1968). There is also the European Union (1993), which is the free trace Detente countries Trot EYE: traces are not changer Day customs anymore Ana there are no quotas. Aids has to deal with the counterfeit of Aids footwear products. Competition analysis The competition on the sport footwear has become really aggressive because of many reasons. Nowadays, many people do sports because of the care about well being but also because sports brands have become social symbols that permit to people to distinguish from the others and show their membership in a social group much as for making sport in itself. Consequently, competition on the sport footwear market increase dramatically with the idea of making everything to make your best competitor has a bad image in front of customers and to prove that your brand is the best by all means, we can even talk in some case about unfair competition. In the market of footwear, Disdain’s first competitor is Nikkei with 37. 9% of market share, and Aids had 22. 9% % in 2006. Nevertheless, Aids is gaining everyday market shares and we see a close fight between Nikkei and Aids for gaining the global market. Aids makes everything to become the leader on the footwear market. Consequently, to become a bigger threat for Nikkei, Aids has acquired Rebook in 2005, world non in the sport market, in a friendly takeover for 3. 1 billion of Euros (3. 8 billion of dollars). This takeover allows Aids to combine its popularity in Europe among soccer and athletics fans with Rebook popularity in US in basketball and football fan. This takeover is a highly strategic action as it is made in order to win market shares in the U. S where Nikkei is the leader and finally catch its eternal competitor, Nikkei. As we can see, everything is made to become a huge threat for Nikkei ND there is a real fight between those two global brands. It can also be seen by the war they lead during major sports events as the football world cup of 2010. They fight to have the biggest number of team who wear their brand and finally in this case it’s Aids which wins but which stays close to Nikkei. Indeed, in this football world cup in South Africa, Aids sponsored 12 countries such as South Africa, but also major and favorite teams like those of Germany, Argentina, Spain and France. Aids also made huge benefits in other events, such as the official ball of the world cup, named â€Å"Jubilant† which was created by Aids. Nikkei owns also in this cup 10 famous teams like Brasilia, Netherlands, Portugal and Great-Britain (which wear Umbra, property of Nikkei). It’s with this example that we see that Aids and Nikkei have another competitors, named Puma. This brand is well known by Aids, as it has been created by the brother of Aid Dasher after a huge argument between the two brothers. Puma is gaining everyday little by little market share and is gaining in popularity. Puma’s strategy is different from its two other big competitors, they are positioned in the luxury market of sport because it has been by the French luxury roof, PR. This brand has a strongly attractive for fashion people, seducing big stars like Brad Pit, or in the sport community the footballer Ankle. Puma is trying to follow Aids and Nikkei by making a lot of actions like for the football world cup. Puma has sponsored 7 teams, mostly African teams, but also a famous team, which won the previous cup, Italy. To better understand the market share that each brand has, we have found a pie chart which represents the market share of each brand in the athletic footwear market where we have decided to focus on, on this case study. Network wellness. Com/stock (It is important to notice that this chart is a bit old as it has been made in 2005, and that for now, Rebook is now part of Aids) It can be also relevant to make a mapping (See appendix 1) to see where Aids is located / positioned relatively to its competitors in terms of price and technicality. Aids and its competitors Its second competitor is Puma which has been created after a huge argument between the two brothers Dasher ; Aids has to be careful about Puma because it has been buy by the French luxury group PR and is winning little by little market shares. Puma’s strategy is different from its two big competitors Nikkei and Aids, they are more specialized in the luxury market, seducing fashion actors (Brad Pit) and famous footballer (Ankle). There is also another competitor in the footwear world named It is also important, in a world of globalization, to highlight the growing power of new entrants from China. There are two domestic famous brands in China: * Lie Inning * Anta They are leaders on the Chinese domestic market in footwear as people prefer to buy domestic brands but also because they are cheaper than Aids and Nikkei. Even if â€Å"Lie Inning and Anta are not competing directly with the two global leaders, they are taking more and more market shares in China, whereas Nikkei and Aids market shares remain the same. † Aids has to be careful of China competitors. Porter’s five forces (including generic one) We can introduce this part by the Porter’s five generic in order to describe the footwear industry. The five criteria are: * Fragmented * Emerging * Mature * Declining * Global The footwear market is global because the market is saturated in products (everybody has sport shoes at home) but the market is rapidly growing. Porter’s five roses can be summarized by many schemes and then, we will apply these forces to our case study. * Threat of new entrants New entrants cannot easily enter in the running shoes’ market because a few big companies control the market and they own very important brand awareness, thanks to their advertising budget. It implies that no new firm can quickly win many market shares without be exposed to a competitive reaction of leaders that will kill the new firm. Nevertheless, some retail companies try to sell low-cost footwear with lower prices than Aids or other important company but with a lower quality as well. With such a positioning, they want to target the people who have not enough money to buy expensive shoes and who are not really the target of Aids. * Threat of substitute products or services Because AT some meal reports wanly Alamo ten running Ana can Impact AT ten leg on the ground. So, some sports which require athletic footwear can be dangerous for the bone structure. That means other sports which do not have such an impact on the health can be a threat for the footwear market such as: swimming, cycling etc. * Bargaining Power of suppliers Shoes’ fabrication and technology needs are more and more complex, so Aids upends on more suppliers than before. Raw materials: The insole is a thin layer of man-made ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The components of the middle consist of polyurethane surrounding another material such as gel or liquid silicone, or polyurethane foam given a special brand name by the manufacturer. Outsells are usually made of carbon rubber. Increase of the cost of plastic because of the rise of the oil’s price. Working conditions of outsourced production are often qualified to be against the human rights and Aids can be obliged to raise his employees’ wages. * Bargaining power of buyers Demand is growing and companies are fighting for selling their products to consumers who become more and harder to please. In big retail stores, consumers have a large choice of running shoes. It means that if prices of a brand are too expensive compared to it quality, they will buy shoes of another firm with a better rate Price/Quality. The market is very competitive and customers can choose between several brands such as: Nikkei, Aids, Puma, Acacias, Mizzen, New Balance, Puma, Spiral, Salomon, Lawful etc. * Rivalry among existing competitors The footwear market is growing quickly with 9. 3% of growth between 1999 and 2007. Despite of the footwear market is oligopolies, because a few companies control it, the competition is very intensive and all firms aim to be the first. The main actors of this market are: Nikkei (Leader), Aids (2nd), Puma, Acacias, Mizzen, New Balance, Puma, Spiral, Salomon and Lawful. Portfolio analysis * Product range Aids has more than 90 million pairs of shoes including 3. 000 different styles. The following shows some example of Aids shoes contingent on performance and price. This provides a clear idea of the various proposals of the mark. (See Appendix 2) So, this brand affected all sports. To be more efficient, we will find Aids athletic shoes in each sport. We choose to focus on it because Nikkei, the dominant brand on this market, is much stronger on fashion shoes. Aids gives priority to performance instead of fashion. This means Aids will be aimed at professional person than those practicing a sport as leisure. The next list is not an exhaustive list: * Football: Predator, OFF, Dipper, Dizzier * Tennis: Barricade, Genius Novak * Hockey: ADSTAR, Gel Platinum, * Golf: Garbage, Million, Tour 360 * Badminton: Court, Stabile Optimist * Running: Dizzier, Supernova, Jumpstarted, Response cricket: Twenty’s, HOOKAH * Basket: TTS Suspected CRU, The Oracle * Rugby: Flanker, Predator, Regulate * Boxing: ADSTAR, Box Hog You can Tina In appendix 3 a can’t Witt some pictures way to illustrate the product range of Aids. The BCC manta Decease It Is ten more relevant Using this Boston Consulting Group Matrix, we will evaluate the interest of fields of activities of Aids thought two criterion’s: the market share and the market growth. We can observe four areas, crossing the market share axis and the market growth axis: star, problem child, cash cow and dog. The Dog represents products which have low market share and market growth. These products do not have any interest for the company: indeed, they do not generate any profits anymore, and are usually products which have been around for a few years. In this case, the company has better abandon these products. In the Aids range of products, the Aids Predator Precision has become a dog, having declined, such as the previous version of the Original Stan Smith 2, dating from 2005 or the ancient Respect Low, Respect Mid or Midrib for running. The Question mark shows products with a low market share and a low market growth. It means that these products have an interesting potential for sails (consequence of the low market share), but their high market growth risks to reduce their competitiveness. It would involve significant investments from the company. The objective is to transform them into stars, with the possibility they can turn into dogs. In the Aids range of products, the Aids OFF is a question mark, recently introduced to the market. We will see if it turns into a dog or a star. The same situation is observed for the AS Wings from Jeremy Scott, which is the new collection, or the new men TTS Supernatural Commander ALT. The new environmental election with the Superstar, the Forum Mid Natural or the Vintage XX 500 are also recently introduced, and Aids will see if the â€Å"green spirit† will have a good effect on the sales of these shoes. The Star corresponds to markets having high growth, and where the company owns high market share. It represents the most profitable products for the company, as they bring in a large amount of profits. The Aids Predator Pulse fits in this section, as it generates profits and significant sales. The Goodyear Race and the new version of the Stan Smith are also the most wanted shoes, and generate an important profit! The Cash Cows are characterized by a low growth market and a high market share. These products are very profitable, as they generate high profits. Their dominated position gives them a competitive advantage concerning prices and margin. Arise from the low market growth, investments are not very high. Thus, these cash cow products are those which enable the company financing its question marks products. The Aids Predator Mania falls in this area, as it is a profitable product, with high sales. The new version of the Barricade V is also a profitable product as it generates high sales with competitive advantage on its price. We can see in Appendix 3 the BCC matrix. * Anions matrix The Anions matrix is a useful tool for noticing future intensive growth opportunities. We can observe four strategies. First, there is the Market Penetration Strategy: the idea is to gain more market share with current products, implementing different promotions. It is the least risky strategy, as it does not cost a lot of money to the company. Thus, Aids could consider this method to acquire more market share, using Its Totally snows, already present on ten market, developing promotions around it. Secondly, the Market Development Strategy is the fact to develop new arrests for current products of a company, through branding and advertising. The current product should also be sold in area where it hasn’t been located before. Using this medium risky method, Aids could sell a current footwear product in a new country. Then, there is the Product Development Strategy which is the fact to develop new products (in the aim to replace old products) to current markets. This is the case when each season, a new version of a previous product is bringing out such as Aids with its Predator football shoes. Finally, there is the Diversification Strategy which is for a company, the opportunity to develop new products for new markets! This method is the riskiest one, as there was no previous knowledge of the product or of the market. Thus, Aids could use this strategy to produce a product that the company is not familiar with, to be sold in a new market. We can see in Appendix 3 the Anions Matrix. Strategic Business Units Strategic Business Unit or SIBS corresponds to the different units which structure the company and represent the corporate identity. It is typically a strategy used by large company. It is the case for Aids. There are several types of SIBS regarding the type f product, the geographic area, etc. Aids is applying a product strategy composed of four Subs: * Aids Sport Performance * Aids Sport Style * Aids Originals: from niche to fashion mainstream * The Fashion Group: Aids is fashion Aids Sport Performance It is the most sport-oriented SUB with all the products proposed to professionals. It represents the idea of performance that Aid Dasher wanted to diffuse. Innovation and transcendence are keys words of A. S. P. It covers most of the sports and focuses its efforts most particularly on five of them. * Football * Running * Training * Basketball * Outdoor Aids Sport Style As all of its competitors, Aids also provide street wear and lifestyle fashion footwear. It was primarily a niche but as the target market correspond to the mass market, it became quickly one of the most important SIBS of the brand and the firm started opening new divisions such as Stella Ms Carney and Propose Design Sport. Aids Originals: from niche to fashion mainstream This is the classical SUB which is composed of the first models designed at the beginning of the brand such as the Stan Smith model. It emphasis the â€Å"Celebrate Originality’ philosophy. The target is more the youth and teenagers. That is why the How to cite Adidas Analyse, Papers

Leadership Context Management Leadership Identities

Question: Consider the role, situation, and the leadership behavior that might be required in the scenarios listed in the table below. Choose 3 of these and write up to 500 words on how leadership might be exercised and what are the contextual factors that are relevant. You must follow normal essay format with cover page, introduction and conclusion plus a reference selection. The topic: A sports coach Manager of an aged care home Prime Minister/ President On a battlefield A prison officer In a sales presentation. Answer: Introduction This essay will help in evaluating the role of the leadership in three different workplace. The essay will also help in understanding, how leadership helps in developing an ability to define a direction that needs to be followed for achieving a goal, have a clearly defined vision, motivation to achieve something and come up with something unique. Leadership involves chalking out a plan of action that needs to be followed to win as a team. Leaders are the ones who use their skills to guide their followers in an effective manner. Firstly, will discuss about Leadership traits in the Aged care homes and possess a vision to bring about a change. Secondly, the proactive nature of the leaders in as sports coach and how to control a situation. Thirdly, leaders as the President have the charisma to influence people. An effective leader shows up during crises and uses his creativity and analytical abilities to handle the crises. The motto of this paragraph is to review the leadership behavior role and situation. Manager of an Aged Care Home Leadership plays an important role in managing an old age home. Leadership plays an important role in the quality of care given to the inmates of an old age home. The quality of care is further related to the quality of staff employed and the work routine at aged care centers. Giuliani Kurson, (2002) argues that age care homes provide housing facility for senior citizens who are very weak or not in a good state of health and cannot stay with their families due to various reasons. Causes they are not in a state to take care of themselves. Thus old age homes provide medical facilities to its inmates, have the provision of nurses to take care of aged people and provision for all the meals, laundry, recreational facilities, etc. Effect -These aged care homes provide a sense of security and a family-like atmosphere to the senior citizens. But managing an aged care home is not easy. The manager should possess strong leadership qualities in order to manage funds, staff, basic amenities, the inflow of household items etc. Tracy,( 2014) stated that the manager of an old age home should exhibit relationship-oriented leadership skills and task-oriented leadership skills. He should be able to make a proper plan for all activities that need to be done. He should prepare a proper to-do list and maintain a record of all the tasks that need to be done, how the tasks have to be done and who is supposed to perform the tasks. After planning the manager has to clarify the role of each and every staff member. Proper work delegation is the responsibility of the manager. Ford, (2010) simplifies that Code of conduct should be made clear to all the staff members while maintaining the quality of services. It is the responsibility to measure the performance of staff members. The manager should lend a supporting hand to his subordinates whenever required and help them develop the required skills. An effective leader appreciate his staff members which result in their exceptional performance. Leadership in old age should be instrumental in resolving conflicts between the staff members or the inmates. There should be proper planning for utilization of financial resources on maintenance of old age home, the salary of staff members, medical facilities, household items of daily use etc. in order to maintain the quality of care. A Sports Coach In todays competitive world, players are under immense pressure to succeed and win matches. Thus, coaches have the responsibility to train the players and help in shaping their career. Coaches are expected to motivate the sportspersons and explore their potential. The coach is expected to formulate a strategy and give a direction to the team. It is very important for a coach to have a good judgment about the ability of the players and treat them with respect. This would help to translate teamwork into victory on the field. The coach has to satisfy the player and also enhance their performance to attain success. Gundling et al., (2011) believes it is his responsibility to bring out the best in the players. He should be highly competitive and should invest all his time and energy to maximize the chances of winning. A coach cannot use the same leadership style for all the players. Many coaches adopt an autocratic leadership style where they exert their authority over the players and do not consider the opinion/ preference of the players. This style works well when players are hostile and lack discipline. Some coaches adopt a democratic leadership style where they try to develop interpersonal relationships between the team members, and they consult the players for their opinions and ideas. The leader should have the ability to organize his team and inspire the players. The coach should provide a direction to the team and instill discipline in all the team members. He needs to win the confidence of the entire team and understand what motivates each and every member of the team. Jones, (2006) states that the coach needs to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the players. He should have the ability to make decisions and guide the players under pressure. The best way to lead sportspersons is to lead by example. For example, if the coach wants the team members to be punctual, he himself needs to be punctual first. He should be a skilled communicator. Leadership in sports coach helps to maintain proper communication between the coach and the team members so that the strategy is made clear to the players. The leader should have in-depth knowledge about the game. He should be familiar with all the skills and tactics required to beat the opponent. He should also be aware of the latest training techniques and changes introduced in the rules and regulations of the game. Hampson Jowett, (2012) believes that the coach should be passionate towards the game and the success of the team. The optimistic leader creates a positive atmosphere in the team. He should make fair decisions under every circumstance. President The president of a country is considered as the head of the parliament. He is the supreme commander of all the armed forces present in the country. He decides how the weapons for warfare should be used. He needs to set an inspiring example for all the natives of the country. It is his responsibility to decide how the laws need to be enforced in the country and has a set of advisors to help him with the execution. It is his concern to uplift the economy of a country. Edwards, (2009) state that the president needs to address the problems of the country like poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, price rise, regional/ religious conflicts, etc. He heads the Cabinet of ministers who handle ministries like foreign affairs, energy, finance, telecommunication, defense etc. He is responsible for shaping the countrys foreign policy. This position requires different leadership styles. Transformational leadership style is quite popularly adopted by various presidents. The president should have a charismatic personality and the ability to attract and draw other people to his side. He should inspire his followers to embrace his vision and evoke a change in his followers. He should be a masterful speaker. He should display his potential to bring about a positive change in domestic as well as foreign affairs. Spaulding, (2008) believes that the president should be instrumental in formulating a cross-cultural approach towards other countries of the world. This would help to strengthen the position of the country in the world economy. A good leader not just takes on great responsibilities but also ensures that he himself, as well as others, own them. Effective leaders take risks and make decisions that have long-term positive repercussions. The president should have a competitive spirit in order to project the nation as a leader in technology, defense, and productivity. Being politically correct cant help a leader in the long run. It is important to be polite and communicate eloquently. But at the same time, the president should be a powerful orator. He should call a spade a spade and express freely. He should advocate ethical behavior. According to Kuronen Virtaharju, (2013) the leader should set aggressive goals and strive to achieve them for the progress of the nation. He should make visits to other countries and interact with world leaders. This would help him win the confidence of foreign investors. The president should function in a systemic manner, even during times of uncertainty. This is because his followers will look up to him for reassurance and they will feel security only if the president is confident. The president should have the ability to convince other people so that they accept and follow his agenda . In addition to this, he should be a keen observer and should be well-versed with all the major developments happening across the world. The convincing abilitity and the keen observation of the president in a great way would help to understand the position of his country in comparison to the other countries of the world. This would act as a motivation to bring about positive changes in his country. Conclusion Experts suggest that there are different leadership styles. In people-oriented leadership style, the leader focuses on team formation and team development. Osborne, (2008) argues that the leader devotes his time and energy on organizing his team and lends full support to his team members whenever required. This fosters creative collaboration. In task-oriented leadership style, the leader focusses on getting the task done on time. He defines the task to be done, prepares a plan, delegates work to the team members and monitors their performance. The best leadership style to be adopted should have a blend of people-oriented leadership style and task-oriented leadership style. Kelly, (2006) says an effective leader should be concerned about the job as well as about his team. One leadership style may work well for the first situation but may not work well for the second situation. Thus an effective leader should be flexible enough to change his approach according to the situation. Transactional and transformational styles are two prominently used leadership styles. In transactional style, the leader motivates his team through rewards and punishments. The team has to achieve pre-defined goals as the focus is on status quo. They establish standardized routines/ procedures and try to maintain normal operational flow by means of planning and execution. In transformational style, the leader challenges and inspires his team members. He is the role model for his team. O'Boyle, (2011.) The leader has a charismatic personality, is willing to take risks and is ambitious. They are proactive and want to bring about changes in the flow of operations by promoting innovation. References Edwards, G. (2009).The strategic president. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ford, J. (2010). Studying Leadership Critically: A Psychosocial Lens on Leadership Identities.Leadership,6(1), 47-65. Giuliani, R. Kurson, K. (2002).Leadership. New York: Hyperion. Gundling, E., Hogan, T., Cvitkovich, K. (2011).What is global leadership?. Boston, MA: Intercultural Press/Nicholas Brealey Pub. Hampson, R. Jowett, S. (2012). Effects of coach leadership and coach-athlete relationship on collective efficacy.Scand J Med Sci Sports,24(2), 454-460. Jones, R. (2006).The sports coach as educator. London: Routledge. Kelly, S. (2006). Leadership Refrains: Patterns of Leadership.Leadership,2(2), 181-201. Kuronen, T. Virtaharju, J. (2013). The Fishing President: Ritual in constructing leadership mythology.Leadership,11(2), 186-212. O'Boyle, I.Leadership in sport. Osborne, C. (2008).Leadership. London: DK Pub. Spaulding, S. (2008).Team leadership in the game industry. Boston, MA: Course Technology, PTR/CRM. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association.

Hamlet Play Review Essays - Characters In Hamlet, British Films

Hamlet Play Review On Saturday October 14, 2000, the North Carolina Shakespeare festival put on a performance of Hamlet. This show, which was performed at the Carolina Theatre in Durham, North Carolina, was directed by _____________________, who also directed ____________________. ___________________ did a really good job at playing Hamlet, which is a very hard role to act for any actor. Hamlet was produced by the North Carolina Shakespeare Festival, which is a group of actors that travel around NC and the South, running productions of Shakespeares many plays. The North Carolina Shakespeare Festival put on a production of Taming of the shrew on October 13, where the actor who played Hamlet played a servant of a rich landowner. Out of all the players in Hamlet, two that really stuck out in my mind are Hamlet and Polonious. __________________s portrale of Hamlet was very energetic and believable. Where ____________ was silly and almost humorous in his portrale of Polonious. Two players that really disappointed me in their performances were _____________________ and _________________________. The king, who was played by _______________ was dry and inconvincible, and ______________________ who played Hamlets mother was very fake and uninteresting. Out of the whole play, the scene that struck me as the most memorable was the scene where Hamlet sees his father and makes everyone that is with him to swear that they wont speak a word of what they saw to anyone or anything. They are all sitting in a circle and Hamlet asks them to swear and then the lights dim and a red light turns on. Then a big ominous voice pounds down from above (it is hamlets father) and commands them to swear. This happens many times until all the people say that they will swear.(it is also quite comical.). The scene where hamlet kills Polonious was just as I had expected it to be, where as the scene where hamlet makes his famous to be or not to be? speech was nothing like I had expected. The set that Hamlet was played on was a very simple; on its edges it had two kind of curtanoffed closet looking things. In the back of it there were 2 huge doors, which opened in the middle of the stage. On stage right there was a raised platform about 5-6feet off of the floor with concrete steps going up to it. This stage was simple yet there where places on it for all the scenes to be acted out clearly and the set made some of the scenes easier to understand, in the use of the many different parts of the set. Seeing Hamlet live is much better than just reading the book, if and ONLY if you have read the book and you go see it. I have read Hamlet and seen the play and all the scenes made much more sense. Also they where all much more vivid than when I was reading the book. When you just read a book, your mind is left to interperate what the scene looked like and what exactly was going on at the time. When you see the play live you actually get to see what the atmosphere during the scene is and what is going on around the characters at the present time. If you are going to go see Hamlet live. I recommend that you read at least some of the play so you know the general gist of what is going on during the story and what all the characters are about. This way you will know the basics already and when you see a part in the play that nobody else knows you can say Hey!!!!!!!!! I know that. I read about it in act 3!!!!!!!!! Shakespeare Essays

EisenhowerS Warnings Essays - Dwight D. Eisenhower, Free Essays

EisenhowerS Warnings Essays - Dwight D. Eisenhower, Free Essays EisenhowerS Warnings In Eisenhowers Farewell Address, the president gave warnings to his people regarding the influence of the military-industrial complex. After engaging in three of the four major wars of the century, America arose as the strongest nation. In response to the worlds turmoil, America built up the armament industry. The nation began to prepare for war before the threat arose instead of waiting until wartime to make ready the weapons. There was also a technological revolution during these post-war years. During this revolution, the government began to conduct and direct research. With these two advances in American history, Eisenhower felt there were a number of possible negative outcomes, and therefore, he warns his people about the distruction that these new develops have the potential to cause. Some of the dangers of the complex that he mentions in his speech include: rise of misplaced power, endangering our liberties or democratic policies, public becoming a captive of a scientific-technological elite, and becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate. Eisenhower feels that the countrys move to preparedness for war is taking them farther away from peace. In his perfect world, people would not solve their conflicts by fighting, but by peacefully negotiation. I think that his view is admirable and would probably be the best possible way to deal with things, but I do not find it to be all that realistic. The possible scenarios and problems that he came up with are all possible, and I agree that they are all probable, but I do not feel like peace among all nations will ever exist until we are at war with other worlds. People need war and conflict to survive and if we take that need away, we will in essence be defying nature and that seems to also end in anarchy. Is it better to be in turmoil as one nation or as an entire universe? Bibliography my brain and stuff

International reward managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International reward managment - Essay Example Ricardo’s theories included free market economy and wage control. These theoretical ideas have been significant in formulation of policies (O’Brian 2004). The period after the Second World War, known as the neo classic economics era saw the emergence of new arguments. John Keynes defined and explained â€Å"fiscal policy† as a measure that governments can adopt to stimulate the economy and solve unemployment issues (Braman 1996).The differences in economic arguments and thoughts across the eras provide different analysis, critiques and solutions concerning pay and reward systems. The contribution of economists to the compensation of labor debate has been fundamental in designing and forecasting the consequences of the different approaches to employee rewards and compensation (Beaumont and Hunter 2000). On the other hand, sociologist criticized economists’ contributions for being too abstract and lacking concrete empirical evidence (Wootton 1955). Nevertheless, these orthodox theories are core to the economic theory of pay and can help solve problems that experts face in cases of executive compensation and profit sharing schemes (Beaumont & Hunter 2000). This essay focuses on the critique of the three major orthodox economic theories regarding pay and reward structures, that is, the classical wage theory, human capital theory and efficiency wage theory. Additionally, this paper relates social theory to these critiques by tackling the social factor of equal pay. The paper also discusses gender pay gaps and the inequalities and discriminations that arise from reward structures in the global labor market. JR Hicks first defined the classical wage theory in his publications of â€Å"the theory of wages†. In his studies, Hicks tackled wage problems in a free market economy and came up with a model of determining wages based on previous analysis of theories

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

American history - Essay Example A good understanding of a country’s political culture can help determine the way its government is run, how governmental decisions are made, and more importantly how assets such as land are divided among citizens and put into use. In Native American societies, land was owned collectively by the tribe. An individual had the right to a particular parcel of land only as long as he could put it into proper use lest it went back to communal ownership. The issue of land ownership as a private property which could be bought or sold did not exist. It was until the European settlers brought with them the new ideas of fee simple land ownership, freehold tenure as well as property deeds. The private land ownership and the liberty to do whatever individual aspirations with one’s land were, and still are, essential to the founding values of the US. The agrarian and industrial revolutions led to the unprecedented population growth in the original states. Everyone was acutely aware of the great potential benefits that could be offered by lands. It can be coined to the colonial experience in the issues of land ordinances, they had the knowledge on what it means if an individual would be mandated to work on a piece of land (Ronald 56). The definition of property boundary line would also provide a sense of security in the land ownership, by minimizing the likelihood of boundary disputes. Moreover, it would give the government a number of well-defined plots of land for future developments. This instigated Thomas Jefferson to design a system of surveying the lands that might avoid the pitfalls of earlier methods of determining boundaries. The earlier methods did not define the mechanism by which the land would become states, or how the territories would be governed or settled first before they become states (Brückner 191). Histor ically Public Land Survey as a method has been used to survey and spatially identify land parcels before description of ultimate ownership

Black hawk down lessons learned pertaining to the Army's 5 logistics Essay

Black hawk down lessons learned pertaining to the Army's 5 logistics characteristics - Essay Example Indeed, the true meaning of disciple among the military is that the military is well structured with programs and regulations. For instance the military has manuals and policies that regulate all that they do from the barracks to the offices to operations. One outstanding policy that regulates the military’s operations is what is known as logistics. Logistics in the literary world may be said to be the availability of resources but in the military, â€Å"logistics is the process of planning and executing force sustainment in support of military operations† (Global Security Organization, 2001). This essay looks at an influential component of logistics known as logistics characteristics. The paper shall review what constitutes logistics characteristics, the importance of logistics characteristics and lessons learned from the Army’s five logistics characteristics in relation to specific military and global events such as the famous Black Hawk Down. Components of Log istics Characteristics and how they relate to the FM 100-5 The Field Manual, commonly referred to as the FM is an important component of military operation in determining basic how-to’s. ... 2-0). This means that once the military is out there to keep peace, they mandate involves an entire complicated process of getting procedures achieved and thus operating within certain means and environment. During most of these operations, resources are not always in abundance for the day-to-day activities of the military. However this is no excuse for operations not to take place. In the event of scarcity of resource, the army’s logistics characteristics come to play with the philosophy that â€Å"scarce resources require logistics operations to be efficient, not wasteful† (Global Security Organization, 2011). When resources are well handled, logistics operations become both effective and efficient and the fundamentals of operation as stated in the FM 100-5 become achieved. Logistics characteristics are well organized into five components, which are briefly discussed below. Anticipation The FM 100-5 notes that the responsibility of ensuring successful use of logistics depends on the corps logisticians. Once the corps logistician is said to be pursue anticipation, it is expected that the corps logistician becomes highly proactive rather than reactive. Just as the logistics characteristics mentions anticipation as the need for the logistician to see ahead into the future, the FM 100-5 talks about intelligence gathering, stating that officers and leaders â€Å"gather intelligence to gain advance warning and anticipate likely enemy courses of action† (p. 2-6). A proactive logistician should be in the position of seeing into the future in the management of logistics. Without such a characteristic, the logistician is going likely to fail the entire team in the sense that they

Market Analysis On Jewellery In India

Market Analysis On Jewellery In India 1.0 Introduction Marketing communication plays a vital role while launching a new brand or product in todays cut-throat market. It is a form of persuasion which plays the role to understand the communicators purpose (ethos) and the communication process (pathos) thus in having an influencing effect with the customer(logos) This document describes in-depth the process involved to launch a new brand of jewellery called Cadbury Gems Limited in the Indian market as well as the UK market. 2.0 Cadbury Gem Analysis Cadbury Gem has product line only in the jewellery in gold, platinum, colored gems and diamond. By 2015, its main focus will be on corporate social responsibility while operating any process. It has plans of launching Teenager Collection of white jewellery by 2014. Their main competitors are Tanishq and Gili. 3.0 Market Analysis on Jewellery in India The Indian jewellery market is large and consist of unbranded where branded jewellery accounts only for less than 2% per year and 300,000 consists of unorganized one. The dominant players in the field of jewellery manufacturing are Italy, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, United States. Leading player in the Indian jewellery are Gili part of the Gitanjali Gems Limited and Tansihq, Reliance Jewel, Joyalukkas. 4.0 About Cadbury Gems The Cadbury Gems Limited will cater the primary target women and secondary target men in the age group of 25-40 years in the domestic market and the international market. It will provide a differential advantage by providing Personalized Service for loyal customer in terms of design and patterns and expert advice on wedding jewellery in the UK market. 5.0 PEST Analysis Political The Indian Government has taken up measures to lower import duty of platinum and gems ,colored stones are exempted from tax .There are plans of Indian Government to establish Diamond Bourses. Economic Due to the global economic recession, Indias gems and jewellery export and import also got affected it.The dynamic change in the exchange rates of pounds and INR affects the domestic as well as international market .It affected the GDP of Indian economy and thus lessen the consumer expenditure too affecting the sales. Socio-Cultural The socio and cultural plays a huge role in the Jewellery market of India as jewellery is considered to be a tradition from ancestral time and it is a necessity in many of its cultural occasion . Technological India has become the leading manufacturer in terms of jewellery because of its advanced technology and according to GPEC there is a rise of 18% to 407.36 lakh carats for cut and polished diamond. 6.0 Competitor Analysis 6.0.1 About Tanishq Tanishq is one of the pioneers in branded jewellery and largest jewellery brand in India founded in 1995 AT Hosur, Tamil Nadu. It is a part of Titan Industry-group endorsed by the Tata Group. It has 118 stores in 76 major cities of India and has a market share of 50% in branded jewellery. Tanishq product lines consist of the following: Tanishq Diamonds Tanishq Gold Tanishq Platinum 6.0.2 Segmentation Tanishq has segmented its consumer based on the three types. They are segmented as follows: Behavioral Tanishq exemplifies behavioral segmentation as it portrays purchase occasion based on festival like diwali, akshaya, tritiya, karva chauth. It also segment its jewellery as everyday wear, special occasion wear and wedding wear like Lightweight Colours an everyday wear, Enamel and Diamonds Psychographic and Profile It also shows profile and lifestyle segmentation as it segments its jewellery called Collection G called nine-to-five jewellery. It also has collection called All Day Diamonds which are affordable and can be worn throughout the day 24 *7. It also tries to capture the different designs in new region like Bengali design in Delhi, Kerala style in Tamil Nadu etc 6.0.3 Targeting Differentiated: Different marketing mix are applied for each segment. Customized: Different marketing mix are applied for each customer. Differentiated marketing and customized marketing strategies are used. Its design was created for niche market for elite Indians but then concentrated on mass marketing. It targets women who are modern yet grounded and men who are above 25 years. 6.0.4 Positioning Uses product repositioning and act as a brand for elite people in India of international brand but then re-positioned in the market as Jewellery for adornment. Tanishq has come up with Aamra mix of western and traditional .It position the brand which provides trust and guaranteed purity. 6.0.5 Communication Strategies Tanishq Pull Strategy Advertising To create brand equity it uses the approach of 360 degree. They focus on celebrity endorsement as people in India are highly obsessed with the celebrity and create a huge impact and associate with events like marriage , diwali,raksha bandhan. Print advertisement Tanishq target the leading woman magazine like Femina, Filmfare which are very popular in India and other leading newspaper like The Times of India and such advertisement are frequent during occasions and it is quite seasonal. Tanishq Push Strategy Sales promotion and associating with Events Tanishq has a tie-up with Bollywood movie like Paheli. Promotion like Free Gold Coin Campaign, then Freeze Your Gold Price during the festival of Dhanteras are used. Public Relation Recently they have organized Diamonds of Class which target woman who are bold and the beautiful where Tanishq diamond complementing her lifestyle. Direct marketing Internet Sales and catalogues are used. Offers and Discount It offers and discount in festive occasion like Diwali, Mothers Day, Valentine Day, Environment Day and also target specific segment of working woman by coming up with the collection called Tanishq Collection-G .It also organizes joint promotion with LOreal and Wills Lifestyle. 6.1.1 About Gili Gili is a part of the Gitanjali Gems Limited (GGL).Gili is founded in 1994 and it is symbolizes youth, love and emotions has its headquarter is based at Mumbai. It is known for producing a heart-shaped diamond of 0.03 carat and 25 patented patterns. It has 3000 retail outlet in India and contributes a share of 40% in an organized jewellery market. It has a market share of 8.3%. Gili has collection of Work Valentine Traditional Teens Mens Collection Mangalsutra 6.2.2 Segmentation Gili segment based on the following: Behavioral Gili has segmented based on purchase occasion like Valentine, wedding, birthday, anniversary and has Valentine ,Mangalsutra,Traditional collections. Profile and Lifestyle Gili again has work collection .They have the Men collection and have jewellery based on the income like segmenting the jewellery with price. 6.2.3 Targeting Gili follows the differentiated and mass marketing. It creates a sense of high-quality studded diamond of contemporary design. They have the collection for working woman in particular. They have targeted even the men with Mens collection.They target in the age group of 15-30 years of age. 6.2.3 Positioning Image repositioning its brand as a brand which represents trust by adhering to authentic certification, quality and reliable by keeping standard practices .It creates a differential advantage by positioning as a brand that created the first 0.03 karat heart-shaped diamond the smallest in the world. 6.2.4Communication Strategies Gili Pull Strategy Advertising Bipashu Basu is the brand ambassador and endorses the products by associating it with events like Valentine day. Print Advertising in leading newspaper like The Telegraph, Times of India and advertising in leading magazine like Filmfare. Gili Push Strategy Events Indians are fascinated by the celebrities so they organized star visits and sponsoring films like in Vivaah,Krissh .They also sponsored the Lakme Fashion Week and Femina Miss India Contest. Joint- Promotion It is done through retailer like Shoppers Stop. Direct-mailers and catalogue They employ this strategy and received a huge feedback and have increased the sales enormously. 7.0 Launch of Cadbury Gem in India 7.0.1 Communication Objectives To generate brand awareness of 60% of Cadbury Gem to both men and women who are in the age group of 25-40 by March 2012. To create a brand image that can be trusted and caters Personalized Service in terms of design. To change peoples attitude that jewellery can also be worn by men often. 7.0.2 Communication Strategy Pull strategy will be used to create awareness. To create brand image of trust which caters Personalized Service profile strategy will be used. Communication appeal will be more of emotional like the experience associate with the festive season and events and the benefits and a bit of rational like the price and the quality it will offer. The perceived risk will be financial risk. 7.0.3 Segmentation Cadbury Gems will segment based on Behavioral It will be based on purchase occasion, purchase behavior, usage segmentation. Purchase occasion As done by the contemporary, it will make use of occasions like Wedding Anniversary, Birthdays and important Indian festival like Raksha Bandhan,Holi. It will create collection such as Festive Collection suitable for any festival and All in One Occasions collection. Purchase behavior It will target the innovators who are ready to take risk in buying the product as soon as the launch is done. Usage segmentation: It will target heavy as well as light user i.e women who are already using and men who just contribute 20% of the jewellery purchase. Belief and Values It will target men and women who believe in living and celebrating life. Psychographic It will used lifestyle and personality segmentation. Lifestyle It will target women who are sophisticated as well as ordinary women of simple lifestyle. For men, it will target metrosexual men and has collection called Exclusive for Men. Personality It will aim at people who are innovators who accepts the new product soon and who are expressive where Cadbury Gems portrays who they are. It will have collection called Itz Me. Profile: It will use age as criteria to segment. Age It will target men and women who are in the age group of 25-40. 7.0.4 Targeting It will use differentiated and customized marketing. It will design its jewellery for men and women in the age group of 25-40 years with specified design of their choice. The customer can come up with its pattern and specification of their choice and it will take minimum lead days of 10 days to deliver to their customer. 7.0.5 Positioning: Perceptual Map: High Price Tanishq Gitanjali Gems Limited Reliance Jewellery Wide Product Range Cadbury Gem Narrow Product Range Joyallukas Low Price Fig: Perpetual Map It will use tangible repositioning for the mens collection as it will focus on mens section by creating Exclusive for Men Collection. For the womens section it will use product repositioning by introducing Itz Me collection, All in One Occasions, Festive Collection. Differential advantage will be achieved by positioning as a trusted brand which provides Personalized Services employing designers who can give feedbacks about the design the customer comes up and suggest expert ideas to the customer effectively and efficiently. 7.0.6 Message The aim of the campaign is to create brand awareness among the women who are the primary target and also the secondary target men both in the age group of 25-40 years and also to create an impact as a brand that cater the customers needs by giving Personalized Service to those customer who are loyal to Cadbury Gems. 7.0.7 Launch Date The advertising campaign will run throughout the year starting from April 2011 till the end of March 2012 giving main focus during the festive season like November, December as these are the season where major festivals occur in India. It is expected to launch its product in April 2012. 7.0.8 Budget  £20 million will be allocated as people are not aware of the products therefore huge amount needs to be invested in campaigning and advertising. 8.0 Integrated Communication Plan Integrated Communication plan plays an important role to pass the same message to the targeted audience in a consistent way so that they are not confuse, mislead if it employs different communication channel without integrating . It will used both above the line and below the line strategy and profile too. 8.0.1 Above the line Advertising on TV Advertisement will be put on popular channel like Sony ,Star Plus, Zee TV,C olors where popular soaps and serial are transmitted. Justification Impact large audience in a short span of time and helps to increase word of mouth. Short lead time Target the women of age 25-40 and put the ads in between popular soap and serials likeUttaran,Jyoti,Balika Vadhu. Frequency of the Ad will be like 7-8 times in the channels mentioned above. Magazines and Newspaper Advertisement will be placed on leading magazine like Woman Era, Outook, Readers Digest and on leading newspaper like The Hindu,The Economic Times as these are the magazines read by corporate men and women. Justification The ad will remain as long as the magazine and newspaper are kept. Target both the men and women through this channel of communication Credibility of the information is high. Metrosexual men and corporate consumer youth will be targeted easily. FM Radio Short Ad with be played in major FM station like Radio City and Radio Mirchi and Meow. Justification Low cost. Can reach large consumers faster with short lead time and Ad will be placed more around 9-11 A.M and 5-7 P.M the working hours of most of the company and timing for college goers too. Medium to high salaried people, youth who are fashion conscious of both the sexes will be reached easier. Billboards 15 X20 billboards will be placed especially near the mall, cinema -theatre, plazas and area where colleges and companies are more. Justification Comparatively involves lower cost and frequency of exposure is high. Information and persuasion can be done effectively and efficiently leading to brand awareness. 8.0.2 Below the line Direct Marketing Mails will be sent to such customer about the designs and new collection. It will target the loyal and frequent buyer of Cadbury Gem by giving loyalty card and points to those regular buyer. Customer which exceeds 1000 points will be given free Personalized Service giving expert expert advice to the design the customer has come up. Justification It will give good return of investment of if clear database is maintained about the customer. After achieving the brand awareness of 60%, direct marketing can be used to create profile strategy projecting as a brand of trust and customer oriented. Sponsorship and Exhibition It will sponsor and associate with Bollywood Movies to showcase its collection. It will also sponsor the major ramp shows held Lakme Fashion Week and events like Femina Miss India Contest, Zee Cinema Awards and organize exhibition where popular male celebrity John Abraham will be the brand ambassador Justification Helps in rectifying the customer perception and beliefs. To attract new customer and attain new customer. Chances of face-face meeting with the potential customer thus enhancing relationship building. E-media It will make use of the social networking sites like Facebook,Twitter and Orkut which are quite popular to promote their products. Justification Relatively cost-effective. Information can be spreaded like wildfire thus increasing word of mouth. 9.0 Launch of Cadbury Gem in the UK Market 9.0.1 Communication Objective To create an awareness of 5% among the non-resident Indian in the UK market by March 2012. 9.0.2 Communication Strategy To create an awareness of 5% among the non-resident Indian in the UK market by using both push and pull strategy. 9.0.3 Segmentation Cadbury Gems will segment based on behavioral,psychographic,lifestyle and personality as done in the domestic market. It will adopt the same strategy. 9.0.4 Targeting The strategy of targeting remains the same as in the domestic market i.e differentiated and customized. 9.0.5 Positioning Intangible positioning will be used for the men by introducing Western Mens Collection. Product positioning will be used for women and it will introduce Elegant Collection and will position as a brand that provides special attention on design and pattern on occasion of the wedding. 9.0.6 Message Its aim is to create awareness in the same sector and also to create a brand image which provides special assistance for wedding jewellery by introducing its Sophisticated Jewellery for Wedding with expert advice on design and patterns. 9.0.7 Budget Only  £10 million will be invested in campaigning and advertising. 9.0.8 Above the line It will use advertising on TV on the same channels as in domestic market ,advertisement will be displayed on magazine like Marie Claire,Vogue and Cosmopolitan exclusively. Justification NRI in UK invest their time and money on such hi-fi magazine and moreover they find the information credible. 9.0.9 Below the line It will use public relation like exhibition, sales promotion and e-media. Exhibition The exhibition will be especially for the NRI like Sophisticated Jewellery for Wedding with expert advice on design and patterns, Western Mens Collection for men and Elegant Collection for women and letting the celebrity like the former Miss World 1995 Aishwarya Rai Bachchan the brand ambassador of Cadbury Gem in such exhibition as glamour and glitz business impacts NRI in a huge way. Justification Creates awareness more as compared to other form of media. It gives a direct feedback from potential customer, face to face communication and it is an ideal way to attract new customer when new products are launched. Sales Promotion: Offer like free accessories i.e ray-ban sun glasses, branded make-up kit and discount of 20% will be given to customer who buys  £420 of jewellery. Justification It will attract the new customer and may boost up the sales when the product is too new in the market. E-media : It will make use of the social networking sites like Facebook,Twitter only as Orkut is not in use by the NRI. The reason for using this is that majority of the NRI are computer savvy.. 9.0.10 Cultural Influences for UK launch A niche market will be used to target the non-resident Indian (NRI) and there will not be huge impact of cultural influence but in terms of jewellery design it should be more sophisticated and elegant and a mixture of Indo-Western. 9.0.11 Assessing Advertsing Effectiveness Pre-testing Focus group and concept testing can be used before the launch. Post-testing Enquiry test, feedback, surveys can be used to test the recognition and recall test. This will give an idea whether the customer has accepted the product or not, if yes how much, if not where it has to give focus. 11.0 Conclusion Cadbury Gem jewellery will be launched in both the domestic i.e India and international market i.e UK keeping into consideration the various strategy and tactics that needs to be considered while launching in different market. 20million INR will be spent in the domestic market in advertising as it is competing with already established jewellery brand Tanishq and Gili. It will allocate only  £10million INR for the international market as the objective is to create awareness of only 5%. References Bhat.H Retailing, Tanishq [online] available from [26th February,2011] Bhat.H (2004)Growing the Branded Jewellery Market: An Indian Experience [online] available from [23th February, 2011] Business Map of India India Gold Market [online] available from [12th March,2011] Data Monitor Jewellery India [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Choksi.M (2010)Leader Speak [online] available from [26th February, 2011] Commodity Online Gold Industry in India to cross $26 billion by 2012 [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Data Monitor Jewellery India [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Diamond World News Service Role of Gem and Jewellery Industry Lauded in Indias Prowess [online] available from [19th February, 2011] Drobis.D.R (1998) Integrated Marketing Communications Redefined Journal of Integrated Communication Gili Beautifully You [online] available from [1st March, 2011] Gitanjali Group(2010) Gitanjali Group'[online] available from [1st March ,2011] Indian Brand Equity Foundation (2010) Gems and Jewellery [online] available from [12th March, 2011] Jewellery (2010) Jewellerry -India Euromonitor International: Country Sector Briefing Kannabiran.G, Bhaumik.S (2005) Corporate turnaround through effective supply chain management: the case of a leading jewellery manufacturer in India Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 10(5)340 348 Kanani Industries Limited Kanani Industries Limited 27th Annual Report [online] available from [19th February, 2011] Narayanan.S,Manchanda,Puneet,Chintagunta.P.K (2005) Temporal Differences in the Role of Marketing Communications in New Product Categories Journal of Marketing Research, 42(3)278-290 Narayanandas.D (2006) Tanishq: Positioning to Capture the Indian Womans Heart [online] available from http://www.credaincr.org/archive_news_details.php?nid=8531m=12y=2010> [19th February,2011] NewsJewellers find star-studded show a hit [online] available from [26th February, 2011] PoulHoumanAndersen (2001)Relationship development and marketing communication: an integrative model, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 16 (3)167 183 Rao.A (2011) Tanishq goes retro in new Diamonds of Class still campaign [online] available from [26th February, 2011] Whalen D.J (2010) Ethical Advertising Messages Design Management Journal 2(4)75-80

Manet’s Advertisement An understanding of Vue de l’Exposition Universel

An understanding of Vue de l’Exposition Universelle, Paris 1867 â€Å"Manet a toujours reconnu le talent là   oà ¹ il se trouve et n’a prà ©tendu ni renverser une ancienne peinture ni en crà ©er une nouvelle. Il a cherchà © simplement à   à ªtre lui-mà ªme et non un autre.† Edouard Manet, Motifs d’une exposition particulià ¨re, May 1867 (in Courthion: 139) Manet is a transitional painter, emerging from the realism of the early to mid nineteenth century and a precursor to — included in by some authors — the impressionist movement. The public’s fascination with his work is remarkable. But, as much as his work is appreciated today, he has been criticized and misunderstood by his contemporaries. His radical explorations in composition and representation made him an easy target for unfavorable critics. He has been accused of leaving his paintings unfinished, of not being able to compose, of lack of imagination and even of vulgarity (Hanson, Howard, Mainardi, others). His position as part of the â€Å"tribe of eccentrics† (Chesneau q. in Mainardi: 109) has kept Manet out of the conservative catalog of the Fine Arts section of the Exposition Universelle of 1867 in Paris. Since, in the artist’s words, â€Å"montrer est la question vitale, le sine qua non pour l’artiste† (in Courthion: 140), he was forced to prepare his own show to display his work to the very important public brought to Paris by the world fair. So, he and Courbet borrowed money and set up on the Place de l’Alma, right on the path leading from the Salon at the Place de l’Industrie to the Exposition Universelle on the Champ de Mars (Mainardi: 109). It is in this ambiance of optimistic defiance that Manet produced Vue de l’Exposition Universelle, Paris 1867 , his illustration of the fair. ... ...er Levin Associates, 1988 Hanson, Anne Coffin. Manet and the Modern Tradition. New Haven: Yale U. Press, 1977 Howard, Seymour. â€Å"Early Manet and Artful Error: Foundations of Anti-Illusion in Modern Painting† in Art Journal. New York: College Art Association of America. Vol. 37, Fall 1977: 14-21 L’Exposition universelle de 1867: guide de l’exposant et du visiteur, avec les documents officiels, un plan et une vue de l’Exposition. Paris: Exposition universelle de 1867, 1866 L’illustration. 6 Avril 1867 Mainardi, Patricia. â€Å"Edouard Manet’s ‘View of the Universal Exposition of 1867’† in Arts Magazine. 54(5), January 1980: 108-115 Reff, Theodore, ed. Manet and modern Paris: one hundred paintings, drawings, prints, and photographs by Manet and his contemporaries. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1982 The Illustrated London News. 6 July, 1867